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3. Income and Expenditures by Type of Households
(i) Income and Expenditures
Looking at the worker' households income by type of households, those of married couple with their parents and children (whose job-holding members are 2.23 persons) was the largest average monthly households income at 598,927 yen and those of one parent and children (whose job-holding members are 1.41 persons) was the smallest at 302,538 yen.
The households of married couple with their parents and children showed the largest average monthly living expenditures (whose household members are 5.14 persons) at 409,204 yen. This was followed by those of married couple and their parents (whose household members are 3.24 persons) at 401,475 yen, those of married couple and children (whose household members are 3.80 persons) at 340,657 yen, those of married couple (whose household members are 2 persons) at 317,085 yen and those of one parent and children (whose household members are 2.39 persons) at 227,020 yen.
Among various expenditure items in households living expenditures, food exhibited the largest ratio in the one parent and children at 23.1%. This was followed by the households of married couple with their parents and children at 22.5%, those of married couple and children at 22.1%, those of married couple only at 20.0% and those of married couple and their parents at 19.7%. Moreover, a closer look at the households of married couple and children indicates that the ratio of food in living expenditures rose with increase in the number of children climbing to 24.1% in the households with three or more children. The ratio of housing was highest in the one parent and children at 9.8% and lowest in those of married couple with their parents and children at 3.1%. The statistics were affected by the ratio of owned house. The ratio of education expenditures, as in the case of food, was high in the households with children. It was highest in the married couple and three or more children at 14.2%. (Figure III-7, Table III-3)
Figure III-7: Composition of Average Monthly Living Expenditures Items by Type of Household (Workers' Households)
Table III-3: Average Monthly Income and Living Expenditures by Type of Household (Workers' Households)
(ii) Income and Expenditures by Life Stages
If the life stages of workers' households are divided into four; the 1st stage in which households comprise married couple (the husband is under 30), the 2nd stage in which households comprise married couple and 2 children (the eldest child is at a preschool age), the 3rd stage in which households comprise married couple and 2 children (the eldest child is in college) and the 4th stage in which households comprise married couple (the husband is at age 60 or older), each group's income and expenditures are analyzed as follows:
a. 1st stage: more than half is dual-income households
In the 1st stage, more than half were dual-income households (whose job-holding members are 1.64 persons). The spouse earned 105,377 yen per month accounting for 25.0% of the total income.
Among various items of living expenditures, housing accounted for 16.2% of the total living expenditures and was higher as compared to other stages due to the low ratio of owned house. Also, the ratio of net increase of current assets to disposable income showed a high growth rate of 17.8%, indicating that these households had savings for the future.
b. 2nd stage: increased expenditures on children
In this stage, job-holding members were reduced to 1.24 persons reflecting the fact that, in a large number of households, the spouse stopped working in order to take care of the children. The wages & salaries earned by the spouse was significantly reduced as compared to the 1st stage at 28,871 yen accounting for 7.0% of income.
When compared with the 1st stage, the amount of living expenditures was 0.9% less and income also showed a decrease of 1.7%.
An analysis of various expenditure items showed a high ratio of food indicating that expenditures on children's meals took up a greater part.
c. 3rd stage: many households withdrawing saving to pay for education
As compared to the 2nd stage, a greater number of spouses returned to the workplace earning 71,285 yen per month accounting for 11.6% of income. In this stage, the households also had more income from business & homework.
Income and living expenditures were 48.6% and 86.2% greater as compared to the 2nd stage respectively. Moreover, the amount of living expenditures was 526,078 yen against disposable income of 509,600 yen resulting in a deficit of 16,478 yen. Also, the growth rate of the ratio of net increase of current assets to disposable income was minus 11.6%, indicating that the households in this stage withdrew their savings.
Among various expenditures items in living expenditures, education had a high level of 27.6% while other items showed lower ratio as compared to other stages.
d. 4th stage: increased expenses for reading & recreation and social expenses
Wages & salaries earned by the spouse decreased again in this stage to 29,512 yen, accounting for 7.6% of income.
As compared to the 3rd stage, income and living expenditures were 36.5% and 41.8% smaller respectively. Moreover, living expenditures of 306,050 yen vis-a-vis disposable income of 337,930 yen resulting in a surplus of 31,880 yen.
Among various expenditure items in living expenditures, food, reading & recreation and "other living expenditures" including social expenses were higher as compared to other stages. In addition, medical care was also greater. (Figure III-8, Table III-4)
Figure III-8: Composition of Average Monthly Household Living Expenditures by Life Stage (Workers' Households)
Table III-4: Average Monthly Income and Living Expenditures by Life Stage (Workers' Households)
Go to IV. Income and Expenditures of Households of Aged Persons and Other Specific Households
