This chapter covers public employees and elections. The section on public employees contains statistics on the actual and the fixed number of the national and the local public employees. The section on elections contains statistics on elections of the members of the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors, local assemblypersons and local heads. Appointment Status Survey of National Public Employees in Regular Service This survey has been conducted every year since 1954 by the National Personnel Authority in order to ascertain the situation of appointment of the national public employees in regular service. Covered by the survey are the national public employees in regular service (excluding temporarily recruited employees, full-time labourers and part-time employees) on the payroll of the fiscal year. The number of employees on the payroll relates to those (excluding those who have been separated from service for other reasons and persons holding concurrent posts) on the payroll as of 15 January of each fiscal year. Fact-Finding Survey on Salary of Local public Employees (Fundamental Statistical Survey) In order to clarify the actual conditions of salaries of the local public employees and to obtain basic information on the system of wages of local public employees, this survey was inaugurated in 1955, and has been taken every five years since 1958 by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. In addition, since 1962, a supplementary survey has been taken for the years when the fundamental statistical survey was not carried out. The survey covers special service and regular service positions on the payroll as of 1 April. Elections Statistics on elections presented in this Yearbook, among the elections under the Public Office Election Act, are the results of elections for the members of the House of Representatives, the members of the House of Councillors, local assemblypersons and local heads. Data on candidates, votes and election results are compiled and released by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. General election for the members of the House of Representatives The general election takes place either by the expiration of the four-year term or by the dissolution of the House prior to the expiration of the term. The election is held by the dual system: the small constituency system, and the proportional representation system. Local elections The ordinary elections are for electing the whole member of an assembly of prefecture or municipality (shi (city), ku (wards), machi (town) and mura (village)), and is held not only at the expiration of the term but also at the dissolution of the assembly, etc. The election of governor of prefecture or head of municipality is held at the expiration of the term, and also, at such occasions as dismissal by recall, discharge by non-confidence, death, resignation, loss of qualification. The unified local elections, in which as many local elections of assembly and head of local bodies as possible are conducted simultaneously, have been held every four years since 1947 with a purpose to stimulate the mood of election and to conduct the elections smoothly and efficiently. Regular election for the members of the House of Councillors The regular election is held every three years for half of the seats to replace the members whose six-year term has expired and to fill the vacancies. The election is held under a dual system: the proportional representation system and the constituency system. 27 Public Employees and Elections 663 27 Public Employees and Elections
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