Standardized vital rates The value obtained by dividing the number of births (or deaths) in a given year by the population for that year is called the crude birth (or crude death) rate. When comparing the crude birth (or crude death) rates for different years, the structure of the population that serves as the denominator for calculating the rate differs depending on the year. For this reason, a standardized birth rate and standardized death rate for the Japanese population obtained via a standardizing operation that excludes the effects of differences in the age structure and spousal relationship structure of the denominator population are calculated every year by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, taking the population in 1930 as the standard population. Standardized birth rate When comparing birth rates for several populations, the age-specific birth rate of women is obtained for each population. Meanwhile, the population that should be the standard is determined, and the age-specific birth rate of women for each population is applied to that age-specific population in order to obtain the number of births expected to be produced by the standard population. The standardized birth rate is the calculated ratio of the expected number of births to the size of the standard population. Reproduction rates These rates, which indicate the fertility of the population in a given year, are obtained from the age-specific birth rates. The following three kinds of reproduction rates are calculated annually for the total Japanese female population by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research. Total fertility rate For the population in a certain year, the age-specific birth rates among women of reproductive age (from 15 to 49) are calculated and totaled. This index indicates the average number of children to be born to a woman assuming that she gives birth during her reproductive years, based on the calculated age-specific birth rates. Life tables (Fundamental Statistics) A life table expresses the probability that each person, classified by age, will die within one year, and the expectation of how many years on average this person could live, etc., by indexes such as age-sex-specific death rate and expectation of life, according to assumptions that the probability of death in a period of time would not change in future. The table is compiled on the basis of both the number of deaths observed during the period (reference period of the life table) and the population during the period or the mid-period population. Two kinds of life tables, i.e., Complete Life Tables and Abridged Life Tables, are prepared by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. The former uses the precise results of the Population Censuses, while the latter are calculated in a simplified way using the annual Population Estimates. The Complete Life Tables have been published from the first issue for 1891 to 1898 through the twenty-third one for 2020. Life expectancy Life expectancy at a specified age is defined as the average years that a person is expected to live respiration are not perceived after delivery. Standardized death rate The standardized death rate is obtained by calculating the age-specific death rate by gender and applying it to the gender-specific age structure. Gross reproduction rate The total fertility rate includes both boys and girls, but the gross reproduction rate is a similar indicator for girls only. Net reproduction rate For girls born according to the gross reproduction rate, the death rate in each year is also considered in order to derive the number of girls who survive based on the stationary population in the life table and can be expected to become mothers to the next generation. after reaching that age. The life expectancy at age 0 is often referred to as an average span of life. 34 2 人口・世帯
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