This chapter covers population, households, vital statistics and migration. The section on population contains statistics on the basic attributes of the population such as the size and growth of population, its geographical distribution, its structure by sex and age, etc. The section on households contains statistics on various attributes of households, such as geographical distribution, and size and type of household. The section on vital statistics contains statistics on live births, deaths, foetal deaths, marriages and divorces, etc. The section on migration contains statistics on changes in the place of residence within the country, entries into and departures from Japan, and daily commuters and students. Population prior to the Population Census The first Population Census in Japan was taken in 1920. Prior to that time, the Population Estimates had been compiled by the Cabinet Bureau of Statistics since 1872. The population from 1872 to 1898 was estimated annually on the basis of the permanent domicile population as of 29 January 1872 in the lunar calendar (8 March in the solar calendar), by adding registered live births, abandoned children and new registrations, and subtracting registered deaths and removals from registry as well as the number of Japanese nationals living overseas as of the end of the year. The population of 1899 and following years is estimated retroactively on the basis of the population of Japanese nationals in Japan proper, obtained from the Population Census taken as of 1 October 1920, by adding to or subtracting from it live births, deaths, abandoned children, new registrations, removals from the registry and overseas migration of Japanese nationals which had occurred before the end of September 1920. The above two estimated population series were adjusted for smooth linkage, first by allotting the discrepancies between the two series for the year 1899 proportionately according to the respective magnitude of increase during the period from 1872 to 1898 and the period from 1899 to 1920, and secondly by allotting them proportionately according to the magnitude of increase during each year. Population Census (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The Population Census has been taken every five years since 1920, with one exception, to ascertain the situation of the population and households of the country by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The twenty-first census was conducted in 2020. This marked the 100-year anniversary of the first implementation. An exception is the sixth census, which was originally scheduled for 1945 but suspended owing to the difficult conditions during World War II, and was replaced by the Extraordinary Population Census in 1947. From the first to the sixth census, populations were enumerated as the de facto population. However, from the seventh census (for 1950) to the present, the principle for enumeration is the de jure concept. The census data of Okinawa during the period of 1950 to 1970 are based on the census results which were conducted by the U.S. Military Government in Ryukyu Island (for the 1950 census) and the Government of Ryukyu Island (for the 1955 to 1970 censuses). However, the 1945 Population Census and the 1947 Extraordinary Population Census were not conducted in Okinawa. Therefore, the population of Okinawa is not available for those years. The census covers the whole territory of Japan, excluding Habomai Islands, Shikotan Island, Kunashiri Island, Etorofu Island and Takeshima. The 2020 Population Census covered all the persons usually living within the territory of Japan as of 1 October. The term "persons usually living" was defined in the census as those persons who had lived or were going to live for three 32 2 人口・世帯2 Population and Households
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