18 Science and Technology This chapter covers science and technology, industrial property rights. The section on science and technology contains statistics on research activities in business enterprises, non-profit institutions and public organisations, universities and colleges. The section on industrial property rights contains statistics on the number of applications and registrations of patents, utility models, designs and trademarks. The survey on number of persons engaged and capital is conducted annually as of 31 March, while financial items such as sales and research and development expenditures are reported for the fiscal year ending on the latest settling day prior to 31 March. the said office with respect to status of applications for industrial property rights. "Industrial property right" is a general term for the right to patents, utility models, designs, and trademarks, by which exclusive use of an invention, utility model, design, or trademark registered through the prescribed application procedure is admitted for a specified period of time. The duration of the right is up to 20 years from the filing of the right to a patent or 25 years from the filing of a partial application and 10 years from the filing of the right to a utility model. The right to a design begins with registration and expires up to 25 years from the filing of the right after application, and the right to a trademark expires 10 years after registration. However, the duration can be renewed any number of times via application. 410 18 科学技術 Survey of Research and Development (Fundamental Statistical Survey) This survey has been conducted every year by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications. The survey is designed to provide basic materials for promoting science and technology in Japan, by studying the research and development (R&D) activities carried out in Japan. The survey covers business enterprises (companies as defined in the Companies Act with capital of 10 million yen or more engaged in industries other than specified industries), as well as non-profit institutions and public organisations, universities, and colleges. Business enterprises are chosen via sampling (enterprises with capital of one billion yen or more as well as enterprises with previous research performance and capital of at least one hundred million yen but less than one billion yen are surveyed via complete enumeration) and other institutions are surveyed via complete enumeration. For 2017 survey, "Permanent researchers" was added as a breakdown of the number of persons employed in R&D for non-profit institutions and public organisations and universities and colleges in accordance with the fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan. Industrial property rights Data are based on "Japan Patent Office Annual Report" which is compiled every year by
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