credits or debts. debt forgiveness, include gross acquisitions/disposals of non-produced nonfinancial assets. Financial account The financial account is the sum of "Direct investment", “Portfolio investment", "Financial derivatives", "Other investment" and "Reserve assets", and shows transactions of financial assets with movements of credits/debts between residents and nonresidents. Primary income This category includes such income accounts as interests and dividends associated with external Secondary income This category shows income accounts associated with the provision of assets without reception of value between residents and nonresidents, including receipts and payments of grant aids, sectors, contributions and donations of public/private sectors. Capital account The capital account, in addition to the provision of fixed assets without reception of value and International investment position "International investment position of Japan" is statistics that show the value and composition of Japan's external financial assets and liabilities at a particular point in time (stock data). The components of the international investment Position are similar to the components of the financial account of the Balance of Payments. Foreign exchange rates "Foreign exchange rates" refers to exchange rates between the currencies of different countries on the foreign exchange market. The standard foreign exchange rate is the rate announced by the Minister of Finance at the Bank of Japan Head Office as the average value of prevailing rates for the conversion rate of Japanese currency and foreign currency (US dollar) during the month before the prior month. On the other hand, the arbitrated foreign exchange rate is the conversion rate between Japanese currency and foreign currencies other than the US dollar. Foreign Currency Exchange Reserves This refers to foreign currency assets of the Foreign Exchange Fund Special Account and the Bank of Japan for foreign exchange intervention to stabilize exchange rates. The statistics are published monthly by the Ministry of Finance. Foreign currency assets are composed of gold, foreign currencies, reserve position in IMF, and special drawing rights (SDR), etc. Economic cooperation Data are based on the "White Paper on Official Development Assistance (ODA)" by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Generally, economic cooperation includes official development assistance (ODA), other official flows (OOF), private flows, at market terms (PF) and grants by non-profit agencies. Development cooperation refers to international cooperation activity by the government and its affiliated agencies including ODA, for the main purpose of development in developing countries and regions. The Japanese government or affiliated agencies, through ODA provide funds (grants, loans, etc.) and technology to developing countries or international organizations for the purpose of development including peacebuilding, governance, promotion of the basic human rights and humanitarian assistance, etc. Official Development Assistance (ODA) "ODA" refers to concessional flows of funds given by governments or government-affiliated agencies to developing countries or international organizations, mainly for the purpose of promoting the economic and social development and improving the welfare of developing countries. ODA is broadly divided into bilateral ODA and multilateral ODA. Bilateral ODA, which directly supports developing countries and regions, is further divided into bilateral grants and ODA loans. Bilateral grants comprise grant aid and technical cooperation. "Multilateral ODA" refers to indirect assistance to developing countries in the form of contributions and subscriptions to international organizations. 170 6 貿易・国際収支・国際協力
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