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CHAPTER 9 MINING AND MANUFACTURING
This chapter covers mining, manufacturing and related indices.
The section of mining contains statistics on mining establishments, persons engaged in mining, mining production, mineral products and ore deposits. Main sources of data are "Economic Census for Business Activity" (see "7 Business Activities") by the Statistical Survey Department, Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, "Current Production Survey of METI" conducted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and "Statistical Survey of Estimated Mining Amount" by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. For the supply and demand of petroleum and coal, see "11 Energy and Water", and for mining accidents, see "29 Disasters and Accidents".
The section of manufacturing contains statistics on manufacturing establishments, persons engaged in manufacturing, manufacturing production, manufacturing products and supply and demand. The principal sources of data are "Economic Census for Business Activity" (see "7 Business Activities") by the Statistical Survey Department, Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, "Census of Manufactures" taken by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, various "Current Production Surveys" conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, various "Current Statistical Surveys of Supply and Demand" by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry and the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, "Survey on New Orders for Machinery" by the Cabinet Office. For the supply and demand of petroleum and coal products, see "11 Energy and Water".
The section of indices relating to mining and manufacturing contains various indices on the industrial activities of the mining and manufacturing. Data are obtained from "Yearbook of Indices of Industrial Production" published by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. For employment indices, wage indices and index of labour productivity, see "19 Labour and Wages".
Current Production Survey of METI (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
The survey has been conducted monthly since 1948 with the aim of clarifying current productive activities of mining and manufacturing industries.
The items of the survey include iron and steel, non-ferrous metals, fabricated metals products, chemical industries, machinery, textile, consumer goods, pulp and paper, printing, plastic products, rubber products, petroleum, mineral resources, coke, ceramics and building materials. The survey covers all establishments (or those above a specified size) producing (or processing) designated mineral or manufacturing products and belonging to the range specified by production item. It also covers all establishments (or those above a specified size) managing sale for production items by the said establishments or commissioning production to them and belonging to the range specified by production item. The survey is carried out for each industry either by enumerators employed through Regional Bureaus of Economy, Trade and Industry or prefectures, by mail, or by the online survey method.
Statistical Survey of Estimated Mining Amount (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
This survey was inaugurated in 1951 to obtain data on the actual conditions of the reserves of mineral ores. The survey had been composed of A (every two years since 1964), B (every four years since 1963) and C (every four years since 1965) according to the kind of mineral. From 2004, these surveys were consolidated into a single survey and the consolidated survey was conducted every five years by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy. As regards the mine lots where the mining rights were recognised for the ores to be surveyed, questionnaires were sent, referring to 1 April of the survey year, by mail or online survey method to the owners of the mining right and the exploiters. The survey was abolished in fiscal 2012.
Census of Manufactures (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
This census was initiated in 1909 in the form of the Survey of Factories with the aim of clarifying the actual conditions of the country's manufacturing industry, and then conducted every five years. From 1920, it became to be taken every year, and further, the name was changed to the present one in 1951. This census is conducted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry.
The census covers establishments falling under ?Division E - Manufacturing Industry? listed in the Japan Standard Industrial Classification (excluding those belonging to the government and establishments with three or less employees; up to 2008, all establishments in the years ending with a digit 0, 3, 5 or 8), and is conducted as of 31 December every year (excluding the year prior the year of the Economic Census for Business Activity) by the enumerator method (delivery and collection of questionnaires by enumerators) through prefectures and municipalities, and mail method or online method either through head offices or directly by the national government. The 2011 census was taken as the Economic Census for Business Activity. Hence, to make the coverage same as the Census of Manufactures, the results were compiled for the establishments of manufacturing industry that satisfied all of the following conditions.
- (1) To be establishments of manufacturing industry with four or more employees
- (2) Not to be establishments engaged only in administrative or ancillary economic activities
- (3) To be establishments of which shipment values by manufactured goods were obtained
Current production statistics
Current production statistics on manufactured products are derived from the above-mentioned "Current Production Survey of METI" and the following "Current Production Surveys" as well as from statistics of the Japan Tobacco Growers Association, "Annual Statistical Report of the National Tax Administration Agency" by the said Agency, etc.
Survey on Current Rolling Stock Production (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
The survey has been carried out every month since April 1954 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. It covers all establishments with 10 or more employees who are constantly engaged in manufacturing railway carriages, their parts, signals and safety equipment, and equipment for cableway operation. Questionnaires are sent by mail or online.
Survey on Shipbuilding and Engineering (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
The survey has been conducted monthly since April 1950 by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism. It covers all shipyards with facilities for building or docking steel vessels or wooden vessels (including FRP vessels, etc.) of 15 or more metres long or of 20 or more gross tons, and questionnaires are sent by mail or online.
Survey of Pharmaceutical Industry Productions (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
The survey has been conducted monthly since 1952 by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare. It covers establishments that produce and sell drugs, medicines, related goods and medical appliances. Questionnaires are delivered and collected by mail, enumerators or via the Internet.
Survey on Movement of Food Industry
The survey is conducted to grasp the conditions of food industry. The planning and conduct of the survey and analysis of the survey results are entrusted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries to Food Marketing Research and Information Centre. With the survey results, analysis of monthly production of processed food made of rice, wheat, soy beans, etc. is made, and at the end of every fiscal year, the conditions of processed food in the year and the factor for the movement are analysed.
Survey on Current Production of Processed Food from Rice and Wheat
This survey starting from 1966, It had been conducted monthly by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, covering all factories producing processed food from rice and wheat, by the enumerator's survey method or mailing survey method until March 2010, when the survey was terminated.
Survey on the Status of Processed Food Production
The survey had been conducted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries until March 2010 when it was terminated, as a sample survey covering producers of such foods seasonings as vinegar, sauce and curry, and beverages including coffee and cocoa. The questionnaires for the survey had been sent by mail, annually, quarterly or monthly depending on the kind of questionnaires, and the replies had been collected by mail, online or facsimile. The survey for seasonings, such as vinegar, sauce and curry, was terminated with the survey for fiscal 2008.
Survey on Production of Milk and Milk Products (Fundamental Statistical Survey)
The survey was initiated in 1950 under the name of the Livestock Products Survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. In 1972, the name of the survey was changed to the present one. The survey, consisting of an annual basic survey with complete enumeration, and monthly sample survey, covers milk plants and milk processing factories. The survey is conducted by mail or online or, only for the annual basic survey, by interview.
Current Survey of Supply and Demand of Non-ferrous Metals
The survey was conducted monthly by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry from 1952. Since January 2002, the survey has been conducted by the Agency for Natural Resources and Energy, reducing the number of survey items. The survey covers all the establishments that produce or sell non-ferrous metals, etc. and the establishments that consume non-ferrous metals, etc. for manufacturing and processing. Questionnaires are sent by mail, and the replies are collected by mail, facsimile, or online.
Survey on New Orders for Machinery
The survey has been conducted monthly since 1953 by the Cabinet Office in order to obtain the data on the equipment investment as early as possible and to obtain basic materials for business trend analysis. The survey on actual orders is conducted at the end of every month, and the survey on the prospects is conducted at the end of every quarter, by the mail or via the Internet. The survey covers principal companies producing machinery selected so that the share of sample companies in national production makes about 80 percent in 1965. The number of sample companies at the start of the survey in April 1967 was 280, and most of them remain in the present sample. As the Japan Post was split and privatised on 1 October 2007, Japan Post Service Co., Ltd. has been transferred from the government and public sector to the private sector. Since the survey in April 2011, cellular phone, which was included in "communications apparatus", was discarded from the survey item.
Textile Goods Distribution Statistics Survey
The survey was in November 1948 as the Survey of Fibre and Textile Distribution in order to obtain basic data for the proper distribution of commodities under the post-war controlled economy. As the purpose of the survey was changed to economic analysis and adjustment of supply and demand, the name of the survey was also changed to Survey of Textile Products Trade in 1951, and to the Textile Goods Distribution Statistics Survey in 1953. The survey is conducted monthly by the mail survey method at about 730 wholesalers dealing fibre and textile and their materials.
Indices on Mining and Manufacturing
The indices are compiled monthly by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry as indicators to show trends in production, shipments and inventory, production capacity and operating ratio, and production forecast in mining and manufacturing industry. The base period for the present indices is 2010 and the formula adopted is the Laspeyres-type. The items and weights of each index category are as follows.
Indices of Industrial Production and Shipments
The number of items adopted is 487 and the weights are based on the results including the 2010 Census of Manufactures and the 2012 Economic Census for Business Activity.
Indices of Inventory and Inventory Ratio
The number of items adopted for Indices of Inventory is 348 and that for Indices of Inventory Ratio is 336. The weights are based on the results including the 2010 Census of Manufactures.
Indices of Production Capacity
The results on production capacity and production quantity by the Current Production Survey of METI are primarily used. The number of items adopted is 160 and the weights are based on the results including the 2010 Census of Manufactures.
Indices of Operating Ratio
The results on production capacity by the Current Production Survey of METI are primarily used. The number of items adopted is 160 and the weights are based on the results including the 2010 Census of Manufactures.
