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Summary of Results (2013)
Results of the Survey of Research and Development
R&D Expenditure
Japan's total expenditure on R&D during fiscal year (FY) 2012 stood at 17.32 trillion yen, a decrease of 0.3 percent from the previous fiscal year. It decreased for the first time in two years.
Expenditure on R&D as a percentage of GDP was 3.67 percent, which was the same percentage as the previous fiscal year.
R&D expenditure of business enterprises stood at 12,171 billion yen (accounted for 70.2 percent), non-profit institutions and public organizations stood at 1,592 billion yen (accounted for 9.2 percent), universities and colleges stood at 3,562 billion yen (accounted for 20.6 percent).
For R&D expenditures by main industries of business enterprises, "Transportation equipment" stood at 2.27 trillion yen, "Information and communication electronics equipment" stood at 1.66 trillion yen, "Drugs and medicines" stood at 1.31 trillion yen.
R&D Personnel
As of 31 March 2013, researchers numbered 835,700, down 1.0 percent from the previous year. It decreased for the first time in twelve years.
Female researchers numbered 127,800, and accounted for 14.4 percent, both of which are the highest in the past years.
Technology Balance of Payments
With regard to technology balance of payments by business enterprises, receipts for technology exports stood at 2.72 trillion yen, an increase of 14.1 percent from previous fiscal year.
Payments for technology imports stood at 449 billion yen, an increase of 8.2 percent from the previous fiscal year. It increased for the first time in five years.
Receipts from technology exports minus payments from technology imports stood at 2.27 trillion yen, an increase of 15.3 percent from the previous fiscal year. It is the highest figure in the past years.
