794 Glossary for TermsMedical insurance A system that provides insurance benefits for short-term economic losses such as illness, injury, death, or childbirth. The main medical insurance systems are health insurance for employees and their dependents, national health insurance for the self-employed and others not covered by insurance for employees, the medical care system for the elderly aged 75 or over (including those aged 65 to 74 who have received certain disability certification from extended federations for latter-stage elderly medical care), and the mariners insurance system and mutual aid associations for employees in specific occupational fields. Pension insurance Pension insurance is a system that provides various pension benefits in principle, with old age, disability, and death as the main insured events. It is long-term insurance that aims to guarantee the livelihood of the insured individual or their surviving family members in the case of the long-term loss of ability to work or the death of a person who had been financially supporting their family. Since the establishment of the contributory national pension system in April 1961, it has been a universal pension system. In the case of old age, disability or death of the insured individual, if certain conditions are met, the basic pension common to all citizens will be provided. Employees enroll in employees' pension insurance in addition to the national pension, and if they meet certain requirements, the employees' pension will be paid in addition to the basic pension. This pension is in proportion to remuneration. Employment insurance The Employment Insurance Act was enacted in December 1974 and fully enforced starting in April 1975. It applies to all workers (excluding public employees) in all industries regardless of industry type or size. Unemployment benefits are provided to insured workers when they lose their jobs or when it becomes difficult for them to continue employment, and support is provided for livelihood security, employment stability, and re-employment during job hunting. In addition, the government conducts employment stabilization projects to prevent unemployment caused by economic fluctuations and to stabilize employment and capacity development projects to improve workers' abilities throughout their working lives. Long-term care insurance The Long-Term Care Insurance Act was enacted in 1997 and came into force in April 2012 as a framework for supporting the nursing care of the elderly by society as a whole in light of changes in social conditions, such as an increase in the number of elderly requiring nursing care due to the aging of society, an increase in demand for nursing care, such as prolonged periods of nursing care, an increase in nuclear families, and the aging of family members providing nursing care. Nursing care insurance is a social insurance system in which a municipality serves as an insurer, and an insured person (a person with an address in the municipality who is 40 years of age or older) contributes insurance premiums and can receive insurance benefits such as nursing care services from the insurer when the person needs nursing care. Persons who need nursing-care Persons of 65 years or older who are in need of nursing care, and persons of 40 years or older but below 65 who are in need of nursing care due to physical or mental disability caused by aging-related diseases specified by the Cabinet Order. Persons who need support Persons of 65 years or older who are in need of support, and persons of 40 years or older but below 65 who are in need of support due to physical or mental disability caused by the specified diseases. Industrial accident compensation insurance The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act was enacted in February 1947 and came into effect in September of that year. Industrial accident compensation insurance provides insurance benefits to protect workers promptly and fairly in the event of injury, illness, disability, or death due to employment or commuting. In addition, it aims to contribute to improving the welfare of workers by promoting their reintegration into society, supporting workers affected by natural disasters and their surviving family members, and ensuring the safety and health of workers. Medical expenses Medical expenses refer to the total cost of medical care benefits including both the patient contribution and publicly funded contribution when combined with a publicly funded health care system. Insured person under Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Health Insurance Act A specially insured day labourer pursuant to the provisions of Article 3, Paragraph 2 of the Health Insurance Act who is hired on a daily basis or employed for a fixed period not longer than two months. Number of stamp-purchasing passbooks The number of passbooks for purchasing health insurance stamps issued to employers who employ day workers pursuant to Article 3, Paragraph 8 of the Health Insurance Act that are currently in use at the end of the current month. Number of effective insurance book holders The number of insurance books issued to day workers pursuant to the provisions of Article 3, Paragraph 8 of the Health Insurance Act that are currently in use at the end of the current month. Aged household A household consisting of person(s) aged 65 and over only, or a household of person(s) aged 65 and over and unmarried person(s) aged under 18. Mother and child (ren) household A household consisting of a female aged under 65 without spouse (including the case where it has been unknown over long period whether the spouse is alive or dead) due to the death of the spouse, after divorce or for any other reason (including unmarried relationship) and her child(ren) aged under 20 (including adopted child(ren)). Father and child (ren) household A household consisting of a male aged under 65 without spouse (including the case where it has been unknown over long period whether the spouse is alive or dead) due to the death of the spouse, after divorce or for any other reason (including unmarried relationship) and his child(ren) aged under 20 (including adopted child(ren)). Authorised nursery-type children's centres Those refer to facilities which provide preschool age children both preschool education and nursery services, and provide childcare-related support in communities by having the function of a kindergarten by accepting children other than those who require daycare services, etc. Small-scale childcare businesses (A, B and C types) A business that provides childcare services for infants and toddlers under three years of age who need childcare. Home-based childcare business A business that provides childcare services at the home of the childcare worker. Home-visit childcare business A business that provides childcare services at the homes of infants and toddlers who need childcare. On-site childcare business A business that provides childcare services mainly to children of employees, as well as to children in the community who need childcare.
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