2 Population and Households 35The 2020 Population Census covered all the persons usually living within the territory of Japan as of 1 October. The term "persons usually living" was defined in the census as those persons who had lived or were going to live for three months or more at their respective households at the census date. Persons who had no usual places of living in this sense were enumerated at the places where they were present at the date of the census. In accordance with the rules described above, all persons living in Japan were enumerated, whether they were foreigners or not. However, the following persons were excluded from the enumeration. (1) Foreign diplomatic corps, their suite and their dependents (2) Foreign military personnel including both military corps and civilians, and their dependents The results of the census are divided into Basic Complete Tabulation, Detailed Sample Tabulation, Tabulation on Place of Work or Schooling, Tabulation on Internal Migration, and Tabulation for Small Areas. This chapter covers Basic Complete Tabulation (Basic Complete Tabulation on Population and Households and Basic Complete Tabulation on Labour Force) and Tabulation on Place of Work or Schooling (Tabulation on Place of Work or Schooling for Population and Labour Force). Population Estimates (Fundamental Statistics) Population Estimates are published by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in order to grasp in detail the population in every month and year during intercensal periods of the Population Census, which is implemented every five years. With respect to the population of the whole country, the total population classified by age group and sex as of the first day of every month and the population classified by age and sex as of 1 October each year are estimated from the enumerated population in the Population Census, by adding to or subtracting live births, deaths and entries into and departures from Japan that occurred thereafter. And for the total population of prefectures, the estimates by age group and sex as of 1 October of each year are obtained by further adding or subtracting migrants between prefectures. After the final results of the Census are published, the population estimates between it and the previous Census are revised via intercensal adjustment to agree with the census figures as of the first day of each month and as of 1 October of each year. Data on births and deaths are obtained from "Vital Statistics", the numbers of entries into and departures from Japan by "Statistics on Legal Migrants", and the numbers of migrants between prefectures by "Internal Migration in Japan Derived from the Basic Resident Registration". Population Projections for Japan Population Projections for Japan are prepared by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research based on the results of the most recent Population Census. In recent years, the future population is projected every five years in line with the results of the Population Census. The 2023 projection is the 16th one published by the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research after World War II. The projection covers 50 years from 2021 to 2070, using the 2020 Population Census (as of 1 October 2020) as the base population. The target population is the total number of people who have lived or will live in Japan for more than three months, including foreign nationals. In addition, extra-long-term estimates covering 50 years from 2071 to 2120 are presented for reference. Population projections are made by calculating annual changes with increased age of population, indexed by age according to the relevant components (mortality, fertility and international migration). This chapter covers the middle series (medium-fertility/medium-mortality scenario) of the population projection for 1 October of each year based on 2023 projection.
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