24 Health and Sanitation 604 24 保健衛生 This chapter covers health, sanitation, injuries and diseases, and medical institutions. The section on health contains statistics on intake of nutrition and physique and physical fitness, etc. The section on sanitation contains statistics on environmental health facilities and health business. The section on injuries and diseases contains statistics on disease contraction, medical treatment and causes of deaths of the Japanese people. The section on medical institutions contains statistics on medical and pharmaceutical institutions and persons engaged in these institutions. National Health and Nutrition Survey This survey has been conducted annually by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare with the aim to clarify the physical conditions, intake of nutrition, etc. and lifestyle of the people as well as to obtain basic data for comprehensive public health promotion. The survey, conducted in November, covers households and their members (1 year old or older as of 1 November) within the districts selected at random from the survey districts of Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions. The survey consists of a survey on physical status, a nutritional intake status survey, and a lifestyle survey. This chapter contains the results of the nutritional intake status survey. Survey on Nutrition Intake Condition This survey was conducted on days of normal intake as far as possible, voiding Sundays, public holidays, weddings and funerals. Nutrient intakes were calculated according to the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan-2015 (Seventh Revised Version), etc. School Health Examination Survey (Fundamental Statistical Survey) This survey has been conducted annually by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology with the aim to clarify conditions of growth and health of pupils and students of schools. This survey is based on the health examination regularly conducted at schools. The survey, conducted from April to June every year (from April to the end of the fiscal year after 2020 due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic), is a sample survey covering pupils and students of 5 years through 17 years (The age is as of 1 April.) of age enrolled in kindergartens, elementary schools, lower secondary schools, compulsory education schools, upper secondary schools, secondary schools, and integrated centres for early childhood education and care. Physical Fitness Test This survey was conducted from 1964 to 2014 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in order to clarify the present conditions of the physical fitness and physical ability of citizens and to obtain basic data for the instruction and administration of physical education and sports. Since 2015, the Japan Sports Agency has conducted the survey every year. The survey is a sampling survey covering pupils and students attending public elementary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools, male fourth- and fifth-year students at national colleges of technology, female students at public and private junior colleges, male and female first- and second-year students at national universities, men and women aged 20-64, and men and women aged 65-79. The survey is conducted every year from May to July for elementary, lower secondary and upper secondary schools and from May to October for the rest. Report on Public Health Administration and Services This report is compiled by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in order to clarify the actual performances of sanitation administration in the prefectures, the designated cities and the core cities and to obtain basic data for public health administration. The report is compiled every year based on the annual reports from prefectures, designated cities and core cities. However, the following paramedical workers are surveyed every two years: Massage and shiatsu practitioners, acupuncturists, moxibustion practitioners, judo therapists, dental hygienists, dental technicians, public health nurses, midwives, registered nurses, and practical nurses.
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