1 Land and Climate 1 Land and Climate 17This chapter covers land and climate. The section on land contains statistics on area as well islands, lakes, mountains and river systems. The section on climate contains statistics such as temperature, humidity, duration of sunshine, and precipitation. As for state-owned land, see "5 Public Finance"; for cultivated land and forest areas, "8 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries"; for parks, "26 Culture"; for land prices, "20 Prices", and for natural disasters, "29 Disasters and Accidents". Statistical Reports on the Land Area by Prefectures and Municipalities in Japan This report is based on the long-term plan for basic surveys set forth in Article 12 of the Survey Act. The Geospatial Information Authority of Japan annually publishes the area of each prefecture, city, ward, town, and village in Japan. The report measures and discloses the area of each prefecture, the area of each municipality, the areas of lakes and islands with an area of one square kilometer or more, and the areas of the top 20 lakes and islands. This chapter covers the area of each prefecture and the areas of major islands and lakes as of 1 April, 2025. List of the Number of Islands in Japan In addition to islands based on laws and regulations, the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan under the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism counted land areas with a perimeter of 0.1 km or more that were judged to have been naturally formed out of the land areas drawn on the Digital Japan Basic Map as of January 2022. Major Mountain Elevation in Japan Based on the results of basic surveys such as topographic maps at 1:25,000 scale, the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan conducted inspections and supplementary surveys on the names of the 1,003 main mountains in Japan, the positions and elevations of their highest points, and other information. In 1991, the GSI also compiled the GSI technical data "Catalog of Japan’s Mountain Elevations - 1,003 Mountains." In 2002, the catalog was updated to reflect the change to the World Geodetic System, the relocation of triangulation points, and other changes in elevation values due to crustal movement and topographical changes as needed. River Information and Data This data is compiled annually by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism on the number of class A, class B, and secondary rivers in Japan. This chapter lists the major class A rivers. White Paper on Land The White Paper on Land is a report on trends and basis policies on land submitted to the Diet by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism each year, based on Article 11 of the Basic Act for Land. This chapter contains information on area by land category. Meteorological Observation Statistics The Japan Meteorological Agency, in cooperation with meteorological agencies in each country, conducts meteorological observations for the purpose of forecasting global meteorological phenomena; preventing meteorological disasters by issuing domestic weather forecasts, advisories, and warnings; and monitoring the climate for industrial development and conservation of the global environment. The meteorological observations conducted by the Japan Meteorological Agency include ground meteorological observations, regional meteorological observations, radar meteorological observations, upper meteorological observations, observations by geostationary meteorological satellites, observations of the global environment such as greenhouse gases and ozone layers,
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