19 Labour and Wages 19 Labour and Wages 443 This chapter covers labour force, wages, hours worked, labour turnover, labour productivity, labour unions and labour disputes. The section on labour force contains statistics on persons in labour force, employed persons and unemployed persons. The section on wages contains earnings structure, etc. The section on hours worked contains average hours worked and the working hour system. The section on labour turnover contains statistics on the desires for employment or job changes, the condition of new employment and the separation from job, and the employment referrals. The section on labour productivity contains labour productivity index. The section on labour unions and labour disputes contains statistics on labour unions, union membership and labour disputes. For employment insurance and workers’ accident compensation insurance, see "23 Social Security", and for industrial injuries, see "29 Disasters and Accidents". Labour Force Survey (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The survey, started in September 1946 by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications with the aim to survey the monthly changes of labour force status of the national population, became a full-dress survey from July 1947, after experiencing an experimental period of about a year. It is a sampling survey for households and household members covering, since October 1982, about 40,000 households and their household members, and is taken as of the end of each month (as of 26 for December). Labour force status is determined by the actual conditions in a week ending the last day of each month (from 20 to 26 for December), covering about 100,000 persons 15 years old and over in those households. Population Census (Fundamental Statistical Survey) See "2 Population and Households". This chapter covers the employed persons by industry and employment status. Monthly Labour Survey (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The survey has been conducted by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare in order to clarify month-to-month change of employment, earnings and hours worked. It is a sample survey, consisting of three components: the national survey to clarify changes in wages, hours worked and employment; the prefectural survey to clarify these changes in each prefecture, both for establishments with 5 or more regular employees; and the special survey for establishments with 1 to 4 regular employees. The scope of the survey is all industries excluding "A-Agriculture and Forestry", "B-Fisheries", "Domestic services", of "N-Living-related and Personal Services and Amusement Services", "Foreign governments and international agencies in Japan" of "R-Services, n.e.c." and "S-Government, excluding elsewhere classified", as defined in Japan Standard Industrial Classification. "Mariners" stipulated in the Mariners Act among regular workers employed at places of business are excluded from the survey. The national survey is conducted as of the end of survey month by mail or online reporting (for establishments with 30 or more regular employees) and via visits by enumerators or online reporting (for establishments with 5 to 29 regular employees) at approximately 33,000 establishments with 5 or more regular employees. Indices concerning employment, wages and hours worked, etc. are compiled from the result of the national survey, and
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