7 Business Activities 196 7 企業活動 This chapter contains statistics on business operation, such as the characteristics of business organisations and industrial categories, employees, conditions of assets, liabilities and capital, profit and loss, bankruptcy, etc., of incorporated and unincorporated enterprises. For the number of farm, forestry and fishery households, see "8 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries", for the clearance of bills, the registration of dishonored bills, and the number of dishonored bill reports, etc. at electronic clearings, see "16 Finance and Insurance" and for business registrations, see "28 Justice and Police". Economic Census (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The Economic Census is conducted to grasp the economic activity of establishments and enterprises, to clarify the overall industrial structure of Japan, and to provide a basic statistical framework for other sample surveys on establishments or enterprises. The Economic Census consists of Economic Census for Business Frame, which clarifies the basic structure of establishments and enterprises, and Economic Census for Business Activity, which clarifies the situation of the economic activity of establishments and enterprises. This chapter covers the results of the Economic Census for Business Activity. Economic Census for Business Activity The Economic Census for Business Activity is conducted by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, or by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. The objectives are to identify the structure of business establishments and enterprises in all industries on a national and regional level by comprehensively investigating accounting items such as amounts of sales (income) and expenses in all industrial fields at the same time and to obtain basic information for conducting various statistical surveys. The survey was established in 2012 and has been conducted every five years since 2016. Up to the 2016 survey, all business establishments and enterprises except those belonging to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry and managed by individuals, those belonging to the domestic service industry, those belonging to foreign public service, and those belonging to the national and local governments were surveyed. However, the 2021 survey targeted all business establishments and enterprises except those belonging to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry and managed by individuals, those belonging to the domestic service industry, and those belonging to foreign public service and consisted of two surveys: a survey of business establishments other than those belonging to the national and local governments (Questionnaire A) and a survey of business establishments of the national and local governments (Questionnaire B). Annual Business Survey (Fundamental Statistical Survey) This survey is conducted annually by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications and the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, with the exception of the year in which the Economic Census for Business Activity is conducted. The purpose of the survey is to identify the structure of all industries, such as their added value, and contribute to improving the precision of the National Accounts Statistics, and to grasp the actual situation in the interim year of the Economic Census for Business Activity implemented every five years. The survey has been conducted since 2019, integrating and reorganising three surveys: the Survey on Service Industries (expanded survey) (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications), the Census of Commerce (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry), and the Survey on Selected Service Industries (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry). Starting with the 2022 survey, corporate establishments above a certain size in all industries (tabulation across industries) are
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