6 Foreign Trade, Balance of Payments and International Cooperation 170 6 貿易・国際収支・国際協力This chapter covers exports and imports, the balance of payments, and international cooperation. The section on exports and imports contains statistics on the value of exports and imports; and indices of foreign trade. The section on balance of payments contains statistics on balance of payments, foreign investment in Japan and Japan's investment overseas, the international investment position of Japan, foreign exchange rates, and gold and foreign exchange reserves. The section on international cooperation contains statistics on economic cooperation. Foreign Trade Statistics These trade statistics are published monthly by the Ministry of Finance for the purpose of contributing to the economic policy of the national government and public institutions and documenting the economic activities of private enterprises by grasping the conditions of trade in Japan and facilitating comparison with the foreign trade of other countries. The statistics are compiled based on export, transshipment, and import declarations; warehousing approval applications; and transfer approval applications submitted to customs offices for exports from Japan to foreign countries and imports from foreign countries to Japan, in accordance with the provisions of the Customs Act. These statistics are counted in principle, for exports, as of the day when the ship or aircraft carrying goods departed from a port, and for imports, as of the day when the import was licensed or approved. Export prices are based on f.o.b., and import prices on c.i.f. Names of countries refer to the countries (places) of destination for exports, and the countries (places) of origin of imported goods. If these are unknown, loading countries (places) of imported goods are shown. Conversion into Japanese yen is based on the foreign exchange rates published weekly by the superintendent of customs (weekly average of effective market rates two weeks before the week to which the declaration day of import belongs). Trade statistics include regular trade statistics, special trade statistics, and ship and aircraft statistics. This chapter describes the results of the regular trade statistics. Overview of Foreign Trade This overview consists of trade statistics prepared by the Ministry of Finance based on import and export statistical item numbers, which are then recompiled based on overview classification prepared with reference to a table of import and export statistical items based on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (HS), the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC), the Japanese Standard Industrial Classification, etc. It is published monthly by the Japan Tariff Association, a public interest incorporated foundation, with the aim of understanding Japan's trade trends from various perspectives. Bank of Japan Statistics See "4 Currency and Flow of Funds". This chapter covers the following statistics from “Balance of Payments Related Statistics”, “Financial Markets” and “The Standard Foreign Exchange Rate and The Arbitrated Foreign Exchange Rate”. Balance of Payments (BOP) Related Statistics This statistics are aggregated and estimated by the Bank of Japan, which is entrusted with the task by the Minister of Finance under the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act. The statistics are jointly released by the Ministry of Finance (MOF) and the Bank. The BOP related statistics represent the economic relationships between Japan and the rest of the world, comprising the BOP, the International Investment Position (IIP), and more detailed data of the BOP and IIP statistics such as breakdowns by partner economy. Balance of Payments Statistics that systematically record Japan's economic transactions with the rest of the world during a certain period. Major components are consisting of "Current account", "Goods and services", "Primary income" and "Secondary income", "Capital account" and "Financial account".
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