3 National Accounts 89non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general governments, households (including private unincorporated enterprises), and private non-profit institutions serving households. Moreover, there is the economic activities sector classification, which classifies bodies responsible for decision-making on the production of goods and services. Prefectural Accounts The Prefectural Account main aims to clarify the circulation and the structure of the economy of the prefectures (hereinafter refers to Prefecture) by recording 3 such aspects as production, distribution and expenditure, and conditions of the economy of prefecture resident comprehensively, as well as contributing to policy management as a synthetic economic indicator of the prefectural economy, and to provide the basis for decision making of household and company. In addition, it ascertain the standing of each prefectural economy in the national economy, and to make it possible to analyze the regional analysis of national economy by means of comparison of each prefectural economy. Prefectural Accounts are published by all prefectures based on the Standard Method for Prefectural Accounts, which was formulated by the Economic and Social Research Institute of the Cabinet Office in accordance with the National Accounts. In addition, Civic Economic Accounts are prepared and published by 16 ordinance-designated cities (Sapporo, Sendai, Chiba, Yokohama, Kawasaki, Niigata, Hamamatsu, Nagoya, Kyoto, Osaka, Sakai, Kobe, Okayama, Hiroshima, Kitakyushu, and Fukuoka). The Institute collects all the latest prefectural accounts and this chapter uses them. Prefectural Accounts of fiscal 2021 are based on the "Prefectural Accounts standard methods (the 2015 edition of benchmark year)" in conformity with the national account (2008 SNA, Benchmark year = 2015). Although the Prefectural Accounts are prepared by each prefecture based on the "Prefectural Accounts Standard Method", the estimation method is not necessarily the same for all prefectures due to the state of preparation of basic data and differences in the development stage of estimation. It is necessary to keep this point in mind when comparing figures among prefectures. Input-Output Tables (Fundamental Statistics) The Input-Output Tables aims to clarify systematically the economic structures in our country, and to provide the basic information to analyse economic ripple effect and to revise the benchmark of each economic indicators. The tables are compiled every five years, for which the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, the Cabinet Office, the Financial Services Agency, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and the Ministry of the Environment works together. The latest Input-Output Tables are the 2020 Input-Output Tables, which cover production activities and transactions carried out in Japan during the one-year period from January to December 2020. In principle, the "accrual principle" is used to record the point in time when production activities and transactions were actually carried out. The Input-Output Table shows, in a matrix format, inter-industry transactions of goods and services in the national economy for a certain period (usually one year). Columns (vertical) show the breakdown of payments (cost composition) for raw materials, fuel, labor, etc. used in the production of goods and services and are called "inputs". Rows (horizontal) show the breakdown of destinations (sales channel composition) for the goods and services produced and are called "outputs". Since it shows the composition of inputs and outputs of goods and services in this way, it is also called an "input-output table." Both “input value” and “output value” are terms with the breakdown of each endogenous sector (intermediate demand sector and intermediate input sector) in mind. Regardless of whether the sector is endogenous or exogenous (final demand sector and gross value added sector), the vertical breakdown of the column sector is called the "input", and the horizontal breakdown of the row sector is called the "output". An Input-Output Table is a processing
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