Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The gross domestic product (expenditure approach) represents expenditure against the gross domestic product, and grasps, from the side of final demand, the way the goods and services (value added) produced by domestic productive activities are consumed or invested, including international trade. On the other hand, the gross domestic product (production approach) is an aggregate of value added deducting intermediate input such as raw materials, etc. from the output of goods and services attributable to domestic productive activities. Accordingly, the gross domestic product (production approach) and the gross domestic product (expenditure approach) are theoretically equivalent, but they are subject to some discrepancies due to the differences in estimation method and source data, etc. For this reason, in the gross domestic product account (production and expenditure), an item for statistical discrepancy is included in the gross domestic product (production approach) tabulation in order to adjust the balance between the gross domestic product (expenditure approach) and the gross domestic product (production approach). Gross National Income (GNI) The gross national income is conceptually the gross of the income received by residents in a country concerned and adds the Gross Domestic Product to net receivable of the income (compensation of employees and property income) from the rest of the world. The actual estimate is that the nominal gross national income is calculated as the nominal gross domestic product measured from the expenditure side, plus the receipt of income from overseas (employee compensation and property income) and deducting the payment of income overseas. On the other hand, the real gross national income is the real value of the gross domestic income plus the real value of net income from overseas income, and the real gross domestic income is equal to the real gross domestic product estimated from the expenditure side plus trade gain and loss. The real of the income from the rest of the world is obtained by the domestic demand deflator. At Current Prices Estimated value based on actual market prices. In Real Terms A value obtained by removing the increase/decrease in prices from a certain year (reference Deflator The deflator is a price index that is used to convert the nominal value into the real value. National Income (NI) Net national income at market prices is the balance of deduction of the consumption of fixed capital from the gross national income; and net national income expressed in terms of factor costs is the balance after net indirect tax (tax or subsidies applied to taxes on production and imports) is deducted from the above. This net national income is called the national income expressed by factor costs. National income at factor costs is distributed as compensation of employees, property income, and entrepreneurial income. At market prices This represents valuation in prices used in market transactions. This price contains consumption tax and import duty less subsidy. In general, there are two valuation methods for market price indication. One is the producer’s price indication method, and the other is the purchaser’s price indication method. At producer's prices This represents valuation in prices at the producer's place of business. Therefore, transportation charges and margins from that point to the final place of consumption are deemed to be the 88 3 国民経済計算are such sectors as non-financial corporations, financial corporations, general governments, households (including private unincorporated enterprises), and private non-profit institutions serving households. Moreover, there is the economic activities sector classification, which classifies bodies responsible for decision-making on the production of goods and services. year).
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