Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Generally, economic cooperation includes official development assistance (ODA), other official flows (OOF), private flows, at market terms (PF) and grants by non-profit agencies. Development cooperation refers to international cooperation activity by the government and its affiliated agencies including ODA, for the main purpose of development in developing countries and regions. The Japanese government or affiliated agencies, through ODA provide funds (grants, loans, etc.) and technology to developing countries or international organizations for the purpose of development including peacebuilding, governance, promotion of the basic human rights and humanitarian assistance, etc. Official Development Assistance (ODA) "ODA" refers to concessional flows of funds given by governments or government-affiliated agencies to developing countries or international organizations, mainly for the purpose of promoting the economic and social development and improving the welfare of developing countries. ODA is broadly divided into bilateral ODA and multilateral ODA. Bilateral ODA, which directly supports developing countries and regions, is further divided into bilateral grants and ODA loans. Bilateral grants comprise grant aid and technical cooperation. "Multilateral ODA" refers to indirect assistance to developing countries in the form of contributions and subscriptions to international organizations. Other official flows This refers to flows of public funds that do not meet official development assistance (ODA) criteria. It mainly consists of official export credits, direct investment finance, acquisitions by governments and central monetary institutions of securities issued by multilateral development banks, etc.. Private flows This refers to flows of funds via private transactions, and mainly consists of private export credits, direct investments and bank lending. 6 Foreign Trade, Balance of Payments and International Cooperation 171
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