14 Wholesale and Retail Trade This chapter contains statistics on wholesale and retail trade. Census of Commerce (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The Census of Commerce has been conducted by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry with the aim to clarify the actual situation of the commerce industry in Japan. It was first conducted in 1952, after which the main Census was conducted every two years until 1976, then every three years until 1997, and then every five years until 2007. The simplified Census was conducted in the interim years. Since 2007, the Census has been conducted two years after the "Economic Census for Business Activity". In 2014, the Census was conducted along with the "Economic Census for Business Frame". With the establishment of the Economic Conditions Survey, the Census of Commerce was abolished with the 2014 Census. The 2014 Census covered privately-managed establishments belonging to Major Group I of the Japan Standard Industrial Classification (Rev.12), namely Wholesale and Retail Trade. The Census was conducted by complete count (excluding establishments in enumeration districts including restricted areas). Establishments on the premises of non-commercial companies, public offices, schools or factories, and establishments that have no store but that are engaged in door-to-door sales, mail-order sales, catalogue sales, internet sales, etc. are also covered. Persons engaged Persons engaged comprise working proprietors, unpaid family workers, paid executives and regular employees, who are mostly engaged in the business of the establishments at the time of the Census. Regular employees Regular employees refer to those who are called "regular staff", "part-timer", or "temporary employee" and employed <1> without fixed term, or <2> with fixed term of one month or more, or <3> employed at the time of the survey and also for 18 days or more in each of the preceding two months. Annual sales of goods Annual sales refer to the total sales of corporeality goods from 1 January of the previous year to 31 December. Self-service system The "self-service system" is a method of sales, which fulfils the following conditions: <1> the consumer will see the price of merchandise by way of indicators such as price tags, <2> the consumer will individually carry the desired goods in shopping baskets, carts or trays supplied by the shop, <3> the consumer will pay the total amount of the goods at the cashier. Establishments that are considered to adopt the "self-service system" in the sense of the Census are those establishments that fulfill the above conditions in at least 50 percent of the total sales floor space of the establishment. Economic Census for Business Activity (See "7 Business Activity") Current Survey of Commerce (Fundamental Statistical Survey) The survey was started in 1953 by the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry with the aim to clarify the trend of sales by wholesale and retail establishments and enterprises. At the beginning, the survey was conducted quarterly, yet it was reorganised to a monthly survey in October 1959. As regards department stores, a separate survey of "Department Store Sales Statistics" had been compiled including the revision made in 1978 and was then integrated into the "Current Survey of Commerce". The survey covers establishments under Division "I" of the Japan Standards Industrial Classification (wholesale and retail trade) (excluding agency businesses, brokerage businesses). Department stores Department stores are defined as establishments falling under the classification of "department stores and general merchandise supermarkets" by the Japan Standard Industrial Classification, and do not come under 350 14 卸売業・小売業
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