Current account The current account is the sum of "Goods", "Services", "Primary income" and "Secondary income", and shows all transactions with movements of credits/debts between residents and nonresidents. Goods and services This category is the sum of "Goods" and "Services" and shows transactions in items that are the outcome of production activities. Goods This category shows exports and imports of goods, that is, transactions of goods between residents and nonresidents. Services This category shows transactions in "Transport", "Travel" and "Other services". Primary income This category includes such income accounts as interests and dividends associated with external credits or debts. Secondary income This category shows income accounts associated with the provision of assets without reception of value between residents and nonresidents, including receipts and payments of grant aids, sectors, contributions and donations of public/private sectors. Capital account The capital account, in addition to the provision of fixed assets without reception of value and debt forgiveness, include gross acquisitions/disposals of non-produced nonfinancial assets. Financial account The financial account is the sum of "Direct investment", “Portfolio investment", "Financial derivatives", "Other investment" and "Reserve assets", and shows transactions of financial assets with movements of credits/debts between residents and nonresidents. International investment position of Japan "International investment position of Japan" refers to a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value and composition of financial assets of residents that are claims on nonresidents (external assets) and liabilities of residents to nonresidents (external liabilities). The IIP is compiled in accordance with the Balance of Payments and International Investment Position Manual. The IIP is divided into assets and liabilities and the difference between them is the net position. Items are classified following the same principles as the financial account of the BOP and are divided into the following functional categories for both the asset and liability side: direct investment, portfolio investment, financial derivatives (other than reserves), and other investment; furthermore, for the asset side they also contain reserve assets. Foreign exchange rates "Foreign exchange rates" refers to exchange rates between the currencies of different countries. In Japan, the basic foreign exchange rates are determined by the Minister of Finance. Since the introduction of the floating rate system in 1973, the difference between the basic rate and the effective market rate became significant. Therefore, in December 1977, it was decided that the basic rates are to be revised twice a year based on the half-year average of effective market rates. From January 2010, the basic rates are published every month based on the monthly average of effective market rates two months earlier. In contrast, an arbitrated rate of currency A to currency B is calculated from the rate of A to C and the rate of B to C, where C is an intermediary currency. "Inter-bank rates" or "market rates" refer to rates traded between authorised foreign exchange banks. On the other hand, "rates for customers" refers to those applied to transactions between banks and customers, consisting of selling rates, i.e., the bank's selling rates to customers, and buying rates, i.e., the bank's buying rates from customers. Foreign Currency Exchange Reserves This refers to foreign currency assets of the Foreign Exchange Fund Special Account and the Bank of Japan for foreign exchange intervention to stabilize exchange rates. The statistics are published monthly by the Ministry of Finance. Foreign currency assets are composed of gold, foreign currencies, reserve position 170 6 貿易・国際収支・国際協力
元のページ ../index.html#203