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This chapter covers culture-related occupations, cultural facilities and cultural assets, publication and mass communication, sports, entertainments and parks, religion, time use and leisure activities.
The section of culture-related occupations contains statistics on the persons engaged in such occupations. The source of data is "Population Census" conducted by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (see "2 Population and Households").
The section of cultural facilities and cultural assets contains statistics on cultural facilities such as museums and libraries, and cultural assets. Main sources of data are "Report of the Social Education Survey" (see "22 Education") and "Science Information Infrastructure Statistics of Colleges and Universities" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "Yearbook of National Diet Library" by the National Diet Library, and "Number of Cultural Asset Designations" by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
The section of publication and mass communications contains statistics concerning books and magazines, newspapers, as well as radio and television broadcasting. The main sources of data are "Publication Yearbook" by Shuppan News Co. Ltd., "Statistical Abstract of Receiving Contracts" and "NHK Yearbook" by Nihon Hoso Kyokai (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), and other yearbooks published by the business concerned.
The section of sports, recreations and parks contains statistics on recreational industries, sports facilities, movies, travels, advertisement, household expenditure for education and recreation, and parks. The main sources of data are "Current Survey of Selected Service Industries", "Survey of Facilities for Physical Education and Sports" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "Activities of Fifty Major Travel Agencies" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, "Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey" by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (see "19 Family Income and Expenditure"), "Area of Natural Parks" and "Visitors to Natural Parks" by the Ministry of the Environment, and "Survey of City Park Maintenance and Development" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
The section of religion contains statistics on religious juridical persons and other religious organizations, clergymen and adherents. The source of data is "Religion Almanac" by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
The section of time use and leisure activities contains statistics on average time spent on various daily activities, participation rates in leisure and learning activities and sports. The main sources of data are "Survey on Time Use and Leisure Activities" by the Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, "National Time Use Survey" which has been conducted since 1960 by the Broadcasting Culture Research Institute of Nihon Hoso Kyokai (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), and "White Paper on Leisure" which is issued annually by Japan Productivity Center for Socio-Economic Development.
This survey is conducted annually, as of May 1, by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technologies with the aim to clarify and improve the conditions of the scientific information infrastructure, such as libraries, computer facilities, networks of universities. This survey was originated as the Survey of University Libraries in 1966, and revised to the present form by adding surveys on computer facilities and networks in 2005.
The survey covers all national, public and private universities in Japan.
For the survey of university libraries, the central library or its branch of a university, or a library attached to a faculty, institute, etc. are treated as separate units.
Cultural properties comprise tangible cultural properties, intangible cultural properties, folk-cultural properties, monuments, cultural scenery, and groups of historical buildings, as prescribed by the Cultural Properties Protection Law. The statistics presented in this Yearbook are the number of cultural properties designated or selected as those of special importance by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology in accordance with the Cultural Properties Protection Law, and the number of cultural properties designated by prefectures, shi (cities), ku (wards), machi (towns) and mura (villages) in accordance with their own regulations.
The source of data is "Publishing Yearbook" compiled annually by Shuppan News Co. Ltd.
The statistics presented in this Yearbook are the number of issues of books newly published during the year (including re-editions of books which had not been contained in the "Publishing Yearbook") and magazines. The books covered are those donated to the National Diet Library and those selected on the basis of the sales record at the principal book distributors, etc. Magazines include academic magazines, those issued by the government, and some specialized magazines, as well as those sold on the market. They are classified according to the Nippon Decimal Classification (N.D.C.).
Statistics presented in this Yearbook relate to the circulation of daily newspapers as of October every year, which is based on the reports submitted to the Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association. A total of 121 different newspapers were covered for 2008; among which 43 newspapers are sets of morning and evening editions; 63 are morning papers; and 15 are evening papers.
The data on subscription are based on the "Statistical Abstract of Receiving Contracts" compiled by NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation), and the data on broadcasting hours, etc. are based on "NHK Yearbook" and "Japan Commercial Broadcasting Yearbook" by the National Association of Commercial Broadcasters in Japan.
Subscribers are those who have made receiving contracts with NHK installing apparatus that can receive the broadcasts of NHK in accordance with the provisions of the Broadcasting Law. Data are compiled on the basis of reports from each broadcasting station. As the reception of the satellite broadcasting became chargeable from August 1, 1989, the receiving contracts comprise ordinary contracts, colour contracts and satellite broadcasting contracts (satellite ordinary contracts, satellite colour contracts and satellite special contracts). In October 2007, the ordinary contract and the colour contract were consolidated into the terrestrial contract. The contract for radio receiving was abolished in fiscal 1968.
The survey has been conducted monthly since December 1987 with the purpose of obtaining basic data on the management conditions of selected service industries for the assessment of short term business trend and for the policy-making concerning industrial structure, small and medium enterprises and service industries.
The survey covers major establishments and enterprises of the specified industries, the share of the sampled establishments and enterprises being 70 to 80 percent of the industry.
For those industries surveyed at limited area (Hokkaido (Sapporo), Miyagi, Tokyo, Aichi, Osaka, Hiroshima, Kagawa and Fukuoka Prefectures), the share of the sampled establishments and enterprises is 70 to 80 percent of the industry in the area.
This survey was initiated in 1969 to clarify the actual situation of nationwide athletic and sport facilities, under the name "Social Athletic Survey" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and it has been conducted about every 5 years until 1985, and every 6 years since 1990. The 1980 survey was carried out as a part of the project for promoting domiciliation areas.
The 1996 survey consists of Survey of School Athletic Facilities, Survey of Workplace Athletic Facilities, and Survey of Athletic Facilities of Universities, Colleges and Technical Colleges, Survey of Opening of Public School's Athletic Facilities to the Public, and Survey of the Athletic Facilities Attached to the Public Social Education Facilities. The Survey of Athletic Facilities of Universities, Colleges and Technical Colleges was conducted at all the universities, colleges and technical colleges; the Survey of Workplace Athletic Facilities was conducted through the municipal boards of education; other surveys were conducted at municipal boards of education, on a complete count basis.
Data on public sports facilities and private sports facilities are obtained from the Social Education Survey (Fundamental Statistical Survey).
Parks comprise natural parks designated under the Natural Park Law, city parks provided under the City Park Law, and the national gardens which were transferred as national properties from the Imperial Household and opened to the public as parks. Data on the natural parks and the national gardens are obtained from "Survey on Users of Natural Parks, etc." and other materials provided by the Ministry of the Environment, and those on city parks, from "Survey of City Park Maintenance and Development" by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism.
The survey was first conducted in 1950 for national parks by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (now, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare). In 1965 and thereafter, the survey also covered prefectural parks. In 1971, the responsibility for the survey was transferred to the Environment Agency (now, the Ministry of the Environment), which has been conducting it every year.
The survey collects data on the number of visitors during the year, etc. based on reports from prefectures.
This survey has been conducted annually since 1949 by the Agency for Cultural Affairs.
The survey collects data on the number of religious juridical person, clergy and adherents, etc. as of the end of the year. Those data on comprehensive religious juridical person and non-juridical comprehensive religious organization who has dependent religious juridical persons, under the jurisdiction of the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, are collected from the respective religious juridical person or organization, and those on other (i.e., general religious juridical person under the jurisdiction of the governors of prefectures, and independent religious juridical person) are based on the reports from the governors of prefectures.
This survey has been conducted every five years since 1976 in order to investigate the time use and leisure activities of Japanese people. The 2006 Survey is the seventh in the series.
The 2006 survey was conducted by the self-enumeration method at 80 thousand households in the selected enumeration districts of the 2000 Population Census. The reference date is October 20. For the time use, each household member was requested to report the particulars of two consecutive days designated between October 14 and October 22. Two types of questionnaires were used for time use. Questionnaire A is the pre-coded type, for which a respondent selects one of printed activities for each block of time. Questionnaire B is the post-coding type, for which a respondent describes time use particulars in his/her own words, and they are later classified at the tabulation stage.
This survey has been conducted by Nihon Hoso Kyokai (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) every five years since 1960 with a purpose to examine the daily time allocations of people in order to make broadcasting programme better suited to daily lives of most people and also to provide basic data for wider users in this area. The survey was addressed to persons of 10 years and over, numbering 45,120 in 2000 and 12,600 in 2005, and referred to two consecutive days specified within the period from October 12 to October 22 in the 2000 survey, and from October 11 to 24 in the 2005 survey. One of the distinctive features of this survey is that when a person does multiple actions at the same time, all the actions are recorded.
This survey was started in 1976, and since 1987, has been conducted by the Free Time Design Association (formerly Leisure Development Center) every year. The survey is conducted against 3,000 people of 15 years and over residing in cities with 50 thousand or more residents. In April 2003, the survey was transferred to Japan Productivity Centre for Socio-Economic Development (renamed to Japan Productivity Centre in April 2009) for future execution.
