Home > Statistics > Japan Statistical Yearbook > Chapter 22 Education > Explanations
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This chapter covers school education and social education.
For school education, presented are statistics on the fundamental elements of school education such as the number of schools, students enroled, teachers, etc. as well as on school facilities and educational expenditure. The principal sources of data are "Basic Survey of Schools" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. In addition, there are, for school facilities, "Survey on Actual Situation of Facilities of Public Schools" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, and for educational expenditure, "Survey of Local Educational Expenditure" and "Survey of Household Expenditure for Children's Education" by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, "Current Financial Conditions of Private Schools" by the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan. For educational expenses in the household expenditure, see "19 Family Income and Expenditure".
For social education, statistics on personnel engaged in social education, social education classes and courses, and on institutions for social education such as citizen's public halls are presented. The principal source of these data is "Social Education Survey" conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. As regards statistics on libraries and museums, refer to "23 Culture".
The survey has been annually since 1948 by
the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for the purpose of clarifying basic elements related to schools such as the number of schools, students enroled, graduates, teachers, school facilities, school expenditures, etc. Before this survey was started, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology or the governors of prefectures had tabulated statistics based on the reports submitted by schools under their jurisdiction.
The survey comprises six survey components, i.e. survey on school particulars, correspondence courses, school-age children not attending school, school facilities, school expenditures, and on the first destination of new graduates. The date of the survey is May 1 (or previous fiscal year for the survey on school expenditure). However, the survey on school facilities does not cover public schools of upper secondary or lower level, and the survey on school expenditure covers only national and public universities, junior colleges (including affiliated organizations, etc.) and national technical colleges. The survey is conducted either directly by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, or through prefectures or through shi (cities), machi (towns) and mura (villages), depending on the institutional type and the kind of school.
These schools refer to those designated by the Act Regarding Promotion of Education in Remote Areas and by prefectural regulations. According to the degree of remoteness, the isolated areas are classified into special area, quasi-isolated area, and isolated areas of the first to fifth class, among which the fifth class is the remotest.
These refer to classes composed of pupils or students of several grades. They are organized in small-scale schools where there are a small number of pupils or students.
These refer to classes prescribed by Article 81 of the School Education Act. They are set up for disabled children, physically weak children, weak-sighted children and children having difficulty in hearing.
They refer to pupils or students who were absent from school for 30 days or more during a school year either continuously or intermittently.
They refer to persons who graduated and advanced to the schools of higher grade in this year.
This refers to the ratio of the graduates who advanced to the schools of a higher grade to the total of graduates in this year. Graduates who took employment and advanced to higher school at the same time are also included.
This refers to the ratio of the graduates who took employment to the total of graduates in this year. Graduates who advanced to higher school and took employment at the same time are also included.
This survey is carried out every year by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology with the aim of obtaining information needed for the preparation and execution of the budget for improving school facilities in the future, by investigating actual conditions of the facilities in public schools.
The survey is conducted as of May 1, covering all the public kindergartens, elementary schools, lower secondary schools, upper secondary schools, and schools for special needs education.
This survey has been conducted annually since 1949 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology for the purpose of clarifying the educational expenditures of local governments. The survey consists of components on school education expenditure, social education expenditure, and educational administration expenditure, etc.
The school education expenditure refers to the expenditure of public schools from the level of kindergartens to technical colleges, special training schools and miscellaneous schools, and the social education expenditure and educational administration expenditure are those of the boards of education. The survey is conducted the boards of education, inquiring the expenditure in the preceding fiscal year.
This has been conducted annually since fiscal 1999 by the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan, covering the school corporations, other corporations and individuals who establish kindergartens, schools for the disabled, specialized training colleges and miscellaneous schools, to clarify their financial conditions, management situations, investments for facility and equipment, borrowings and repayments. Until fiscal 1998, however, the survey was conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology under the name of Survey of Financial Conditions of Private Schools.
This survey is conducted annually by the Promotion and Mutual Aid Corporation for Private Schools of Japan, covering the school corporations who establish universities, junior colleges, technical colleges and upper secondary schools, lower secondary schools, elementary schools, to clarify their financial conditions, management situations, investment in facility and equipment, borrowings and repayments.
This survey has been conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology every other year beginning fiscal 1994 with the purpose to clarify the educational cost to the parents who send their children to public elementary schools, public or private kindergartens, lower secondary or upper secondary schools. The educational cost includes both costs for school education and for out-of-school activities.
The Survey, which covers all pupils and students, consists of the Parent Survey and the School Survey. The reference period of each survey is one year beginning April 1 through March 31 in the following year. The Parent Survey collects information on annual educational expenses by summing up expenses in three separate periods: April to June, July to November, and December to March. The School Survey collects information on the annual expenses for the fiscal year.
All the expenses born by the parents for their children's education at school, including transportation cost and all the payments and contributions to schools and the specific organizations related to school education.
All the expenses born by the parents for their children's participation in the out-of-school activities directly linked to school education and for various private lessons and training, supplementary classes, sports and other cultural activities.
This survey has been conducted every three to five years since fiscal 1955, and every three years since fiscal 1975 by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, for the purpose of clarifying the actual conditions of facilities and activities regarding social education. The latest survey was carried out in fiscal 2008.
The fiscal 2008 survey was composed of the several component surveys: on administration of social education, on citizen's public halls, on libraries, on museums, on educational facilities for children and youths, on women's educational centres, etc. The results of the survey are compiled in "Report of the Social Education Survey". Each component survey is conducted as of October 1 by the method of complete enumeration at prefectures, shi (cities), ku (wards), machi (towns) and mura (villages), their boards of education and the social education-related facilities concerned. As to the activities of social education, etc., reference period is the preceding fiscal year.
